Typhoid - Definition, sign and symptoms, types, causes, prevention and treatment of typhoid...

                        "  Typhoid  "

Hello everyone, 

Today, we are discuss about Typhoid and it's relative terms such as 

1. Definition of typhoid
2. Causes of typhoid
3. Signs and symptoms of typhoid
4. Types of typhoid
5. Prevention of typhoid

6. Treatment of typhoid...

1. " Definition of typhoid  "

Typhoid fever is a systematic infection caused by the bacterium Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhi).

The bacterium lives in the intestines and bloodstream of humans. It spreads between individuals by direct contact with the feces of an infected person.

No animals carry this disease, so transmission is always human to human.
This is a acute fever 🤒 , this fever illness is characterized by prolonged fever, headache, nausea, loss of appetite, and constipation or sometimes diarrhoea.

 2. " Causes of typhoid "

Typhoid is caused by the bacteria S. typhi bacterium , and spread through food, drinks, and drinking water that are contaminated with infected fecal matter. Washing fruit and vegetables can spread it, if contaminated water is used.

Some people are asymptomatic carriers of typhoid, meaning that they harbor the bacteria but suffer no ill effects. Others continue to harbor the bacteria after their symptoms have gone. Sometimes, the disease can appear again.

People who test positive as carriers may not be allowed to work with children or older people until medical tests show that they are clear. 

There are some transmission of typhoid fever following are :- 

1. Faecal oral route

2. Flies and cockroaches

3. Contaminated water 💧

4. Contaminated food 🍕

5. Close contact with patient

6. Carriers

3.  " Signs and symptoms of typhoid "

Typhoid is an bacterial infection that causes many signs and symptoms . All symptoms are help to identify the typhoid fever 🤒 in the body. These symptoms may be danger and put into critical situation to the patient. 

The signs and symptoms of typhoid following are  :-

# High fever 🤒

# vomiting 🤮

# Nausea 🤧

# Stomach pain 😢

# loose stools

# weakness 😔

# Bloating

# Diarrhoea 🤢

# Muscles pain 💪

# Abdomen pain 😢

# Loss of appetite

# chills 

# Fatigue 🤕

# Malaise

# Skin rash

# Headache💆‍♂

# weight loss  ♎

4 . " Types of typhoid  "

The typhoid are classified into two categories following are :- 

A. Typhoid salmonella

B. Non - typhoid salmonella

A.)  Typhoidal Salmonella, which is made up of bacterial strains that cause typhoid fever or paratyphoid fever, including Salmonella Typhi, Paratyphi A, Paratyphi B, and Paratyphi C

B.)  Non-typhoidal Salmonella, which includes all other Salmonella strains. 

5. " Prevention of typhoid "

There are some concerned prevention of typhoid which follows by everyone to avoid typhoid fever. 

The following prevention are :- 

1.  Drink bottled water, preferably carbonated.

2 .  If bottled water cannot be sourced, ensure water is heated on a rolling boil for at least one minute before consuming.

3.  Be wary of eating anything that has been handled by someone else.

4.  Avoid eating at street food stands, and only eat food that is still hot.

5.  Do not have ice in drinks.

6.  Avoid raw fruit and vegetables, peel fruit yourself, and do not eat the peel.

7.  Everytime, you should wash your hand before eating a food items . 

8.  Always try to take a boiled water, mineral water and free from microbes or sterile water.

6. " Treatment of typhoid fever "

According to many doctors , Antibiotic therapy is the only effective treatment for typhoid fever.
Commonly prescribed antibiotics include:

• Ciprofloxacin (Cipro). In the United States, doctors often prescribe this for nonpregnant adults. Another similar drug called ofloxacin also may be used. 

• Azithromycin (Zithromax). This may be used if a person is unable to take ciprofloxacin or the bacteria is resistant to ciprofloxacin.

• Ceftriaxone. This injectable antibiotic is an alternative in more-complicated or serious infections . 

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